Since 2002, Dr. Anil Sood has served the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center as an educator, researcher, and administrative leader. He holds professorships in the departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, in the former of which he also serves as vice chair of translational research and director of ovarian cancer research. In addition, Dr. Anil Sood directs the Blanton-Davis Ovarian Cancer Program and co-directs the Ovarian Cancer Moonshot Program, while simultaneously conducting his own research in ovarian cancer and RNAi therapeutics.

Dr. Anil Sood serves his professional community as a member of the editorial board for many peer-reviewed journals, including Gynecologic Oncology and the American Journal of Cancer Research. He mentors physicians and students from the high school to the fellowship level, and serves on several MD Anderson committees, including the Tumor Bank Committee. Also in service to a number of external organizations, Dr. Sood has served on the Women's Cancer Network (WCN) editorial committee of the Gynecologic Cancer Foundation, which is now known as the Foundation for Women's Cancer.