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IMRaD Science/Research Report

A requirement of most science, social science, and psychology students is that they learn the "IMRaD" method of arguing or proving that a hypothesis is true or false. In this kind of scientific argument, ideally the researcher has no bias before the research takes place about whether the hypothesis will be proven true or false. Nevertheless, the final paper is an argument showing precisely what fact has been established from the initial hypothesis, which in itself is a proposed argument. This kind of paper is, in a way, a pure form of arguing by starting with an opinion and reaching a factual conclusion.

"IMRaD" stands for the following, which are the major topic or body sections of an IMRaD paper:

Introduction--the hypothesis, the research activity proposed for discovering the truth or falsity of the hypothesis, and the background details for the research activity or need for the research activity (which may sometimes include extensive summaries of written research)

Methods--the methodology, materials, means, and/or modes used to test or search for answers to the hypothesis

Results--a description of the research and its results

Discussion--a thorough discussion of what the results mean, do not mean, and why, along with possible effects for future hypotheses

For more on this kind of paper, see the chapter called "IMRaD."