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Edgar Allan Poe (Boston , USA, January 19, 1809 - Baltimore , USA, October 7, 1849 ) was a writer , poet, critic and journalist romántico1 two States , generally recognized as one of the universal masters of the short story , which was one of the first practitioners in the country . He was a reformer of the Gothic novel , especially remembered for his tales of terror. It considered the inventor of the detective story, also contributed several works to the emerging genre of science ficción.3 Moreover, he was the first American writer renowned tried to make writing his modus vivendi , which had unfortunate consequences for him . 4

He was baptized as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts, and his parents died when he was young . It was picked up by a wealthy couple from Richmond , Virginia , Frances and John Allan , though it was never officially adopted . He spent one academic year at the University of Virginia and later he joined , also for a short time in the army. Their relationships with Allan broke at the time, due to ongoing disagreements with his stepfather, who often disregarded their requests for help and ended up desheredándolo . His literary career began with a book of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems ( 1827 ) .

For economic reasons, suddenly turned his efforts to prose , writing stories and literary criticism for some newspapers of the time ; came to acquire some notoriety for his caustic and elegant style. Because of his work, lived in several cities : Baltimore , Philadelphia and New York. In Baltimore in 1835 , he married his cousin Virginia Clemm , who had at that time thirteen years old . In January 1845 , he published a poem that would make him famous , " The Raven ." His wife died of tuberculosis two years later . The great dream of the writer, editing his own newspaper (which was renamed The Stylus ) , never cumplió.5 6

He died on October 7, 1849 , in the city of Baltimore , when he was only forty years old. The exact cause of his death was never clarified . Was attributed to alcohol, brain congestion, cholera , drugs, heart failure, rabies , suicide , tuberculosis and other causas.7

The figure of the writer , as well as his work profoundly influenced the literature of his country and may say that worldwide . Great influence on the Symbolist literature francesa8 and , through it , in surrealism , but his imprint reaches far beyond : are his debtors entire literature of Victorian ghosts and , to a grea