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Dsigned to lie atop a mattress. Made from a variety of materials such as wool, cotton, memory foam, feather or latex,[1] its function is to provide an extra layer of comfort, especially when the existing mattress is worn or uncomfortable.

Physically, it is a thin mattress, usually 5–10 centimetres Stand-alone mattresses of this size exist, including futons, and floor beds. Similarly, traditional European beds were made of a stack of mattresses of this size. In contrast, mattress toppers are usually sold for use on top of boxsprings (secured with straps or elasticated cloth corners). They are used to extend the life of the more-expensive boxspring, make a bed warmer or cooler (with airflow or heat-conductive materials), make a firm bed softer and for travel and dorms, as they are portable, especially if they are low-density.

Like a mattress protector mattress cover (a thin, generally unpadded layer not designed to improve comfort),mattress toppers can be used to protect the mattress from the sleeper or vice-versa Some mattress toppers are machine-washable. covers and fillings are made from a range of materials.
Pillow top mattress toppers are filled with natural fibers such as cotton or down, or synthetic options such as microfiber.[8] The filling is usually segmented into pockets which help them stay in place. This is similar to quilts, though mattress toppers are usually 4 inches or thicker. The variant of mattress toppers are present in most hotel beds and is responsible for their plush feel. Eggshell mattress toppers are a good way to extend the life of an older bed.

Visco-elastic foam toppers are made from visco-elastic polyurethane, also known as "memory foam". This is a type of material that exhibits both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Viscous materials, like water, resist shear flow and strain linearly with time when a stress is applied. The foam used in the construction oflatex pillow memory foam toppers reacts to both pressure and temperature. This, combined with its greater density, are properties that give them their characteristic "weightlessness" sensation. Memory foam mattress toppers are touted to optimize support and promote proper spinal alignment during sleep. They are also regularly used in medical institutions because of their pressure relieving properties.