Trane Compressors

Reciprocating vs Screw Compressors

Compressors can be defined as machines that compress any gas to create pressurised gas by essentially reducing their volume using different methods. These different methods form the basis of classifying compressors.

The compressors are broadly classified in two categories namely Dynamic compressors and Positive displacement compressors.

Dynamic compressors are typically compressors that use the rotary movement of blades (therefore, it is also called Roto-dynamic compressor) to accelerate the air trapped between the blades that begins its compression, as the speed of the air which can be increased to very high levels increases, its kinetic energy is converted to pressure when the high speed air is allowed to move to a duct i.e. a diffuser. Thus dynamic compressors are used where the volume of air flow required is less but the required pressure levels are very high e.g. a coal refinery where oxygen has to be pumped into the refining process at a high pressure. Another striking feature is that the air flows continuously.

Positive Displacement compressors uses a fixed amount of space within a container i.e. fixed volume of air, inside this container a mechanical assembly with shafts or screws or scrolls are used to reduce this volume trapping and compressing the air to produce pressurised air. Thus positive displacement compressors are useful when very high pressured air is less significant as compared to the air flow volume e.g. applications in air-conditioning or refrigeration. The complexity of its mechanical process is far less as compared to a dynamic compressor thus making it a user friendly and cost friendly technology which can adapt to a large variety of applications especially in HVAC industry for example something like transport refrigeration to air-conditioning a hospital facility. Even though the air flow is pulsating in this technology with an exception rotary compressors, but it quieter and does not generate as much vibration as compared to the earlier technology.

Focusing on positive displacement based on the usage of the internal mechanical assembly we can differentiate these compressors as Reciprocating compressors vs Rotary compressors.

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